2023, ke kaʻa pupule MCU

01 ʻO ka mōʻaukala ulu o ka MCU

MCU, microcontroller, nona ka inoa kaulana: hoʻokahi-chip microcomputer.

He wahi ʻoluʻolu loa ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana kamepiula maʻamau i kahi chip, me ka mana o loko o ka CPU RAM ROM IO counter serial port, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ākea ka hana e like me ke kamepiula, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia. maʻalahi, no laila i loko o ka mea kūʻai uila, kamaʻilio ʻoihana lapaʻau He ākea loa nā kaʻa o nā noi.

Ua hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Intel i ka microprocessor mua loa o ka honua - ka helu 4004 4-bit chip, ua hoʻohui kēia chip ma mua o 2,000 transistors, a ua hoʻolālā pū ʻo Intel i 4001, 4002, 4003 chips, RAM, ROM a me nā papa inoa.

I ka hele ʻana o kēia mau huahana ʻehā ma ka mākeke, kākau ʻo Intel i ka hoʻolaha "E hoʻolaha i kahi manawa hou o nā kaʻa hoʻohui: microcomputers condensed ma kahi pahu hoʻokahi."I kēlā manawa, ʻo nā minicomputers a me nā papa nui he 8-bit a me 16-bit processors, no laila ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo Intel i ka 8-bit microprocessor 8008 i ka makahiki 1972 e lanakila koke i ka mākeke, e wehe ana i ka wā o nā microcomputers hoʻokahi.

I ka makahiki 1976, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Intel i ka polokalamu microcomputer controller mua loa o ka honua 8748, ka mea e hoʻohui i ka 8-bit CPU, 8-bit parallel I/O, 8-bit counter, RAM, ROM, etc., hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mana ʻoihana ākea mea kani, i hōʻike ʻia e 8748, e wehe ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā microcomputers hoʻokahi-chip ma ke kahua ʻoihana.

I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻomaka ʻo 8-bit single-chip microcomputers e lilo i mea makua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka RAM a me ka ROM, maʻamau me nā interface serial, multi-level interrupt processing system, lehulehu 16-bit counters, etc. I ka makahiki 1983, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Intel i ka MCS -96 moʻo o nā microcontrollers 16-bit kiʻekiʻe, me 120,000 transistors i hoʻohui ʻia.

Mai ka 1990s, ua komo ka microcomputer single-chip i ke kahua o hoʻokahi haneli mau kula o ka noʻonoʻo, i ka hana, ka wikiwiki, ka hilinaʻi, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pua piha, e like me ka helu o nā bits o ke kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​papa inoa ʻikepili, mai nā 4 bits mua. hoʻomohala mālie, me 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit a me 64-bit single-chip microcomputers.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o nā MCU i CISC a me RISC, a ʻo ka hoʻolālā kumu nui ka ARM Cortex, Intel 8051 a me RISC-V.

Wahi a ka 2020 China General Microcontroller (MCU) Market Short, 32-bit MCU huahana a hiki i ka 55% o ka mākeke, ukali ʻia e nā huahana 8-bit, helu no 43%, nā huahana 4-bit helu no 2%, 16 ʻO nā huahana -bit no ka 1%, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo nā huahana mainstream i ka mākeke ʻo 32-bit a me 8-bit MCUs, a ʻo ka mākeke o nā huahana 16-bit MCU i ʻoki loa ʻia.

ʻO nā huahana aʻoaʻo CISC i helu ʻia no 24% o ka mākeke, ʻo RISC aʻo i hoʻonohonoho i nā huahana no 76% o ka mākeke mainstream huahana;Loaʻa nā huahana Intel 8051 no 22% o ka mākeke, ukali ʻia e nā huahana ARM Cortex-M0, helu no 20%, nā huahana ARM Cortex-M3 i helu ʻia no 14%, nā huahana ARM Cortex-M4 i helu ʻia no 12%, nā huahana ARM Cortex-M0 + helu ʻia no 5%, ʻo nā huahana ARM Cortex-M23 i helu ʻia no 1%, ʻo RISC-V nā huahana kumu no 1%, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he 24%.ʻO nā huahana ARM Cortex-M0 + i helu ʻia no 5%, nā huahana ARM Cortex-M23 i helu ʻia no 1%, ʻo RISC-V nā huahana kumu no 1%, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he 24%.Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ARM Cortex series cores no 52% o ka mākeke mainstream.

Ke kū nei ka mākeke MCU i nā hāʻule nui o ke kumukūʻai i nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, akā ua lohi ka emi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai aku (ASP) i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala.Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ka nāwaliwali o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua, a me ka pilikia maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke MCU e ola hou i 2020. Wahi a IC Insights, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā moku MCU e 8% i 2020, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā moku MCU i 2021 i ʻO 12%, kahi moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe o 30.9 biliona, aʻo nā ASP i piʻi i 10%, ʻo ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe loa i 25 mau makahiki.

Manaʻo ʻo IC Insights e hōʻea nā moku MCU i 35.8 biliona mau ʻāpana i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, me ka huina kūʻai o $ 27.2 biliona.ʻO kēia mau mea, manaʻo ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻo 32-bit MCU i $ 20 biliona me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki o 9.4%, manaʻo ʻia nā 16-bit MCU e hiki i $ 4.7 biliona, a ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia nā MCU 4-bit e hōʻike i ka ulu.

02 ʻO ke kaʻa MCU kaʻa pupule

ʻO ka uila uila ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona noi nui loa o nā MCU.Manaʻo ʻo IC Insights i ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka MCU ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ulu i ka 10% i kahi moʻolelo $21.5 biliona ma 2022, me nā MCU automotive e ulu ana ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā mākeke hope.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 40% o nā kūʻai aku MCU mai nā uila uila, a manaʻo ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻo MCU automotive e ulu ma kahi CAGR o 7.7% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, ma mua o nā MCU kumu nui (7.3%).

I kēia manawa, ʻo 8-bit ka nui o nā MCU, 16-bit a me 32-bit, a ʻo nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā MCU e pāʻani i nā hana like ʻole.

kikoʻī:

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 8-bit MCU no nā hana hoʻomalu maʻamau, e like me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā noho, nā ea ea, nā pā, nā puka makani, a me nā modula mana o ka puka.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 16-bit MCU no ke kino haʻahaʻa, e like me ka mīkini, ka uila uila, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu a me nā ʻōnaehana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana.

Ua kūpono ka 32-bit MCU i ka ʻike automotive a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi kiʻekiʻe a palekana e like me ka leʻaleʻa cockpit, ADAS, a me ka hoʻomalu kino.

I kēia manawa, ke ulu nei nā MCU 8-bit i ka hana a me ka hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo, a me kā lākou kumukūʻai pono ponoʻī, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i kekahi mau 16-bit MCU i nā noi a hoʻi i hope me nā MCU 4-bit.E pāʻani ana ka 32-bit MCU i kahi kuleana nui o ka haku i loko o ka hoʻolālā automotive E/E holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokele i ʻehā mau ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka waena waena o ECU, a e hoʻomau ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana.

ʻO ke kūlana i luna e hana i ka 16-bit MCU i kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe akā haʻahaʻa, akā i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, pono mau ia, e like me kekahi mau noi nui o nā ʻōnaehana powertrain.

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka naʻauao automotive i ka noi no 32-bit MCUs, me ka ʻoi aku o ʻekolu hapaha o nā kūʻai MCU automotive e hele mai ana mai 32-bit MCUs ma 2021, i manaʻo ʻia e hiki i kahi $ 5.83 biliona;E hoʻonui ka 16-bit MCU ma kahi o $ 1.34 biliona i ka loaʻa kālā;a me 8-bit MCUs e hoʻonui ma kahi o $ 441 miliona i ka loaʻa kālā, e like me ka hōʻike a McClean.

Ma ka pae noi, ʻo ka infotainment ka hiʻohiʻona noi me ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki ma mua o ka makahiki ma ke kūʻai aku ʻana o MCU automotive, me ka ulu ʻana o 59% ma 2021 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2020, a me 20% ka ulu ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā no nā hanana i koe.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mana uila a pau o ke kaʻa e hoʻohana ai i ka ECU (electronic control unit), a ʻo MCU ke kumu hoʻokele chip ECU, kēlā me kēia ECU i ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi MCU, no laila ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka electrification naʻauao i koi ai E hoʻonui ka hoʻohana kaʻa hoʻokahi MCU.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Research Department of the Automotive Marketing Expert Committee o ka China Marketing Institute, ʻo ka awelika helu o nā ECU i lawe ʻia e nā kaʻa wahie kuʻuna maʻamau he 70;ʻO ka nui o nā ECU e lawe ʻia ana e nā kaʻa wahie kuʻuna maʻamau hiki ke piʻi i ka 150 ma muli o nā koi hana kiʻekiʻe no nā noho, ka mana kikowaena a me ka ʻoliʻoli, ke kūpaʻa kino a me ka palekana;a ʻo ka awelika helu o nā ECU e lawe ʻia e nā kaʻa akamai hiki ke hiki i 300 ma muli o nā lako polokalamu hou a me nā pono lako no ka hoʻokele autonomous a me ke kaʻa kōkua kōkua, e like me ka nui o ka MCU i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kaʻa hoʻokahi e hiki nō hoʻi ma mua o 300.

ʻO ka koi ikaika no nā MCU mai nā mea hana kaʻa e ʻike maoli ʻia i ka makahiki 2021, i ka wā he hapa o nā cores ma muli o ke ahulau.I kēlā makahiki, nui nā ʻoihana kaʻa i pani pōkole i kekahi mau laina hana ma muli o ka nele o nā cores, akā ke kūʻai aku nei nā MCU automotive i 23% i $ 7.6 biliona, kahi kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mīkini kaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wafers 8-inch, kekahi mau mea hana e like me TI a 12-inch line transfer, IDM e lilo pū i ʻāpana o ka mana outsourcing foundry, ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e MCU, ma kahi o 70% o ka mana e TSMC .Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoihana kaʻa ponoʻī no kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o TSMC, a ʻo TSMC ke kālele nei i ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana holomua o nā mea kūʻai uila, no laila ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka mākeke MCU automotive.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā pahu kaʻa i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻoihana semiconductor holoʻokoʻa i hoʻomaka i ka nalu o ka hoʻonui ʻana, nā mea hoʻokumu nui a me nā mea kanu IDM e hoʻonui i ka hana, akā ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo.

Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu TSMC Kumamoto ma ka hopena o 2024, ma kahi o ke kaʻina hana 22/28nm, e hāʻawi hou ia i nā kaʻina hana 12 a me 16nm, a e hoʻonui ka mea kanu Nanjing i ka hana i 28nm, me ka mana hana o kēlā me kēia mahina. 40,000 apana;

Hoʻolālā ʻo SMIC e hoʻonui i ka hana ma ka liʻiliʻi he 45,000 8-inch wafers a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10,000 12-inch wafers ma 2021, a kūkulu i kahi laina hana 12-inihi me kahi mahina o 120,000 wafers ma Lingang, e kālele ana i ka 28nm a ma luna o nā nodes.

Manaʻo ʻo Huahong e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana hana 12-inch i 94,500 mau ʻāpana i 2022;

Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Renesas i kāna kuleana ma ka mea kanu ʻo Kumamoto TSMC me ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka outsourcing, a manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka lako MCU automotive ma 50% e 2023, me ka mana MCU kiʻekiʻe e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia e 50% a me ka hiki MCU haʻahaʻa ma kahi o 70% hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena o 2021.

E hoʻolilo ʻo STMicroelectronics i $ 1.4 biliona ma 2022 no ka hoʻonui ʻana, a hoʻolālā e pālua i ka mana o kāna mau mea kanu ʻEulopa e 2025, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana 12-inch, a no ka mana 8-inch, STMicroelectronics e koho koho no nā huahana ʻaʻole pono 12- ʻenehana ʻīniha.

E hoʻohui ʻo Texas Instruments i ʻehā mau mea kanu hou, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu mua ma 2025, a e kūkulu ʻia ke kolu a me ka ʻehā o nā mea kanu ma waena o 2026 a me 2030;

Ua hoʻonui ʻo ON Semiconductor i kāna hoʻopukapuka kālā i 12%, ka mea nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana wafer 12-inch.

Loaʻa i nā ʻike IC kahi ʻikepili hoihoi e hōʻemi ana ka ASP o nā 32-bit MCU āpau i kahi CAGR o -4.4% makahiki-ma-makahiki ma waena o 2015 a me 2020, akā piʻi ma kahi o 13% a ma kahi o $0.72 i 2021. Hōʻike ʻia i ka mākeke wahi. , ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ke kumukūʻai o ka MCU automotive: ʻo ka NXP 32-bit MCU FS32K144HAT0MLH me ke kumu kūʻai kū o $22 piʻi aʻe i $550, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau manawa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana kaʻa kaʻa loa i kēlā manawa.

Ua piʻi aʻe ka Infineon 32-bit automotive MCU SAK-TC277TP-64F200N DC i 4,500 yuan, kahi hoʻonui o kahi kokoke i 100 mau manawa, ʻo ka moʻo like o SAK-TC275T-64F200N DC ua piʻi aʻe ma mua o 2,000 yuan.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku wela mua, ke koi nāwaliwali, a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka home, e hana ana i ka manaʻo nui, nā kumukūʻai MCU mea kūʻai aku hoʻi i lalo, kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ST chip e like me F0/F1/F3 Ua kokoke mai nā kumukūʻai series i ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau, a ʻo ka lono o ka mākeke ua hāʻule ke kumu kūʻai o kekahi mau MCU ma o ke kumukūʻai ʻoihana.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā MCU automotive e like me Renesas, NXP, Infineon, a me ST aia nō i kahi kūlana o ka hemahema.No ka laʻana, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o ST's high-performance 32-bit MCU STM32H743VIT6 i 600 yuan ma ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala, ʻoiai ʻo kāna kumu kūʻai he 48 yuan wale nō ʻelua makahiki i hala.ʻOi aku ka piʻi ma mua o 10 mau manawa;ʻO ke kumukūʻai mākeke Infineon Automotive MCU SAK-TC237LP-32F200N AC ma ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki i hala ma kahi o $1200, hāʻawi ʻo Dekemaba a hiki i $3800, a ma nā pūnaewele ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e hāʻawi aku ma mua o $5000.

03 Nui ka mākeke, a liʻiliʻi ka hana hale

ʻO ka ʻāina hoʻokūkū MCU ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kanaka nunui o waho e like me ke kaiapuni hoʻokūkū semiconductor holoʻokoʻa.Ma 2021, ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku ʻelima MCU kiʻekiʻe ʻo NXP, Microchip, Renesas, ST, a me Infineon.ʻO kēia mau mea kūʻai aku ʻelima MCU he 82.1% o ka nui o nā kūʻai honua, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 72.2% i 2016, me ka nui o nā hui poʻomanaʻo e ulu ana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka MCU ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paepae hōʻoia MCU automotive a lōʻihi ka manawa hōʻoia, aia ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoia ISO26262 palapala hōʻoia, AEC-Q001 ~ 004 a me IATF16949 hōʻoia maʻamau, AEC-Q100 / Q104 hōʻoia maʻamau, nona ka ISO26262. Ua māhele ʻia ka palekana o ka automotive i ʻehā mau pae o ASIL-A a i D. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka chassis a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe nā koina palekana kiʻekiʻe loa a koi aku i ka hōʻoia pae ASIL-D, hiki i nā mea hana chip ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili Strategy Analysis, ʻo ka mākeke MCU automotive honua a me ka home e noho nui ʻia e NXP, Renesas, Infineon, Texas Instruments, Microchip, me ka māhele mākeke o 85%.ʻOiai ʻo 32-bit MCU e hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia e nā kanaka nunui o waho, ua haʻalele kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko.

04 Hopena

ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa uila naʻauao, no laila ua hui pū kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku chip, e like me Nvidia, Qualcomm, Intel i loko o ka cockpit naʻauao, autonomous hoʻokele chip breakthroughs, compressing i ke ola wahi o ka kahiko automotive chip manufacturers.Ua hala ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā MCU automotive mai ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala pilikino a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana i ka hoʻokūkū holoʻokoʻa no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai ʻoiai e mālama ana i nā pono ʻenehana.

Me ka hoʻolālā automotive E / E mai ka māhele ʻana i ka mana domain, a ma hope i ka hoʻohui pū ʻana, e nui aʻe a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana a me nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa maʻalahi e pani ʻia, hana kiʻekiʻe, mana kamepiula kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe. e lilo nā chips i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokūkū kaʻa kaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea, ʻo ka mana nui o ka MCU e ka hōʻemi helu ECU e hiki mai ana he liʻiliʻi, e like me ka Tesla chassis control ECU, kahi hoʻokahi i 3-4 MCU, akā kekahi hana maʻalahi o e hoʻohui ʻia ka MCU kumu.Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mākeke no nā MCU automotive a me ka wahi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka home i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.