ʻO ka ʻāina ʻoihana semiconductor honua a me nā ʻano evolutionary.

ʻO ka Yole Group a me ATREG i kēia lā e nānā i ka waiwai o ka ʻoihana semiconductor honua a hiki i kēia lā a kūkākūkā pehea e pono ai nā mea pāʻani nui e hoʻopukapuka e hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou mau kaulahao lako a me ka mana chip.

Ua ʻike nā makahiki ʻelima i hala i nā loli nui i ka ʻoihana hana chip, e like me ka nalo ʻana o Intel i ka lei aliʻi i ʻelua mau mea hoʻokūkū hou, Samsung a me TSMC.Ua loaʻa iā Pierre Cambou ka manawa kūpono e kūkākūkā i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka ʻenehana semiconductor honua a me kona hoʻomohala ʻana.

Ma kahi kūkākūkā ākea ākea, ua uhi lākou i ka mākeke a me kāna mau ulu ulu, a me ka kaiaola honua a pehea e hiki ai i nā ʻoihana ke hoʻonui i ka lako.Hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā hoʻopukapuka hou loa i ka ʻoihana a me nā hoʻolālā o nā mea pāʻani alakaʻi, a me ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā hui semiconductor i kā lākou mau kaulahao lako honua.

Hoʻopukapuka honua

Ke ulu nei ka nui o ka mākeke semiconductor honua mai kahi waiwai o US $ 850 biliona i 2021 a i US $ 913 biliona i 2022.

Mālama ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi 41% māhele mākeke;

Taiwan, Kina e ulu ana mai 15% i 2021 a i 17% i 2022;

Ke emi nei ʻo South Korea mai 17% i 2021 a i 13% i 2022;

ʻAʻole i loli ʻo Iapana a me ʻEulopa - 11% a me 9%, kēlā me kēia;

Ua hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Mainland China mai 4% i 2021 a i 5% i 2022.

Ke ulu nei ka mākeke no nā mea semiconductor mai US $ 555 biliona i 2021 a i US $ 573 biliona i 2022.
Ke ulu nei ka mākeke US mai 51% i 2021 a i 53% i 2022;

Ke emi nei ʻo South Korea mai 22% i 2021 a i 18% i 2022;

Ke piʻi nei ka mākeke o Iapana mai 8% i 2021 a i 9% i 2022;

Hoʻonui ʻo Mainland China mai 5% i 2021 a i 6% i 2022;

ʻAʻole hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Taiwan a me ʻEulopa ma 5% a me 9%.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka māhele mākeke o nā ʻoihana semiconductor ʻAmelika e hoʻopau lohi ana i ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia i ka honua i ka 32% ma 2022. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Kina i nā hoʻolālā ulu ʻana he US $ 143 biliona e 2025.

US a me EU CHIPS Act

ʻO ka US Chip and Science Act, i hoʻoholo ʻia ma ʻAukake 2022, e hāʻawi i $53 biliona kikoʻī no nā semiconductor e hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi home a me ka hana ʻana.

ʻO ka European Union (EU) CHIPS Act hou loa, i koho ʻia ma ʻApelila 2023, hāʻawi i ke kālā he $47 biliona, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻāpana US, hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi papahana transatlantic $100 biliona, 53/47% US/EU.

I nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua hana nā chipmakers a puni ka honua i nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻopukapuka fab e huki i ke kālā CHIPS Act.Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Wolfspeed hui hou o ʻAmelika i kahi kālā $ 5 biliona i kāna mea kanu silicon carbide (SiC) 200mm ma ka puʻuwai o Massinami kokoke i Utica, New York, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hana ma ʻApelila 2022. Intel, TSMC, IBM, Samsung, Micron Technology a me Texas. Ua hoʻomaka pū nā mea hana i ka mea a ATREG i wehewehe ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka fab i ke kauoha e kiʻi i kahi ʻāpana o ka US chip bill pie pie.

ʻO nā hui US he 60% o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā semiconductor.
ʻO nā kālā hoʻopukapuka haole (DFI) no ke koena, wahi a Pierre Kambou, ka mea loiloi nui ma Yole Intelligence.ʻO ka TSMC he $40 biliona hoʻopukapuka ma ke kūkulu hale ma Arizona kekahi o nā mea nui loa, a ukali ʻia e Samsung ($25 biliona), SK Hynix ($15 biliona), NXP ($2.6 biliona), Bosch ($1.5 biliona) a me X-Fab ($200 miliona) .

ʻAʻole manaʻo ke Aupuni ʻAmelika e hoʻolilo i ka papahana holoʻokoʻa, akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi haʻawina e like me 5% a 15% o ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka ʻoihana papahana, me ke kālā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 35% o ke kumukūʻai.Hiki i nā hui ke noi no nā ʻauhau ʻauhau e uku hou i 25% o nā kumukūʻai kūkulu o ka papahana."I kēia lā, 20 mau mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika i hana ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 210 biliona i ka hoʻopukapuka pilikino mai ka wā i kau inoa ʻia ai ke kānāwai CHIPS i ke kānāwai," wahi a Rothrock."Ua wehe ʻia ke kelepona mua no ka loaʻa kālā noi CHIPS Act ma ka hopena o Pepeluali 2023 no nā papahana e kūkulu, hoʻonui a hoʻololi paha i nā hale kalepa no ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductors alakaʻi, nā hanauna o kēia manawa a me ka node-node semiconductors, me ka wafer hope-end-end. hana a me nā mea kanu hoʻopili hope."

"Ma ka EU, hoʻolālā ʻo Intel e kūkulu i kahi $ 20 biliona fab ma Magdeburg, Kelemānia, a me kahi $ 5 biliona paʻi a me nā hale hoʻāʻo ma Polani. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o STMicroelectronics a me GlobalFoundries e ʻike pū i kahi kālā $ 7 biliona i kahi hale hana hou ma Farani. Eia kekahi, ke kūkākūkā nei ʻo TSMC, Bosch, NXP a me Infineon i kahi hui ʻana he $11 biliona.Ua hoʻohui ʻo Cambou.

Ke hoʻopukapuka nei ʻo IDM ma ʻEulopa a ua hoʻokumu ʻo Infineon Technologies i kahi papahana $5 biliona ma Dresden, Kelemānia."ʻO nā hui EU ka 15% o nā hoʻopukapuka hoʻolaha i loko o ka EU. ʻO DFI ka 85%, "wahi a Cambou.

I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hoʻolaha mai South Korea a me Taiwan, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Cambou e loaʻa i ka US ka 26% o ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka semiconductor honua a me ka EU 8%, me ka ʻike ʻana e hiki ai i ka US ke hoʻomalu i kāna kaulahao ponoʻī, akā hāʻule i ka pahuhopu o ka EU. o ka hoomalu ana i ka 20% o ka mana honua e 2030.