ʻEhia mau ʻāpana i loko o ke kaʻa?

ʻEhia mau ʻāpana i loko o ke kaʻa?A i ʻole, ehia mau ʻāpana e pono ai ke kaʻa?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī ke pane.No ka mea, pili ia i ka hoʻolālā o ke kaʻa ponoʻī.Pono kēlā me kēia kaʻa i kahi helu ʻokoʻa o nā chips, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā kakini a hiki i nā haneli, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā tausani a i ʻole mau tausani o nā chips.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻike automotive, ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻano chips mai 40 a ʻoi aku ma mua o 150.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana kaʻa, e like me ka lolo o ke kanaka, i ʻelima mau ʻāpana ma o ka hana: ʻike, ʻike, hoʻokō, kamaʻilio, mālama a me ka lako ikehu.

ʻO ka mahele hou aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka chip control, chip computing, chip sensing, chip communication,puʻupuʻu hoʻomanaʻo, puʻupuʻu palekana, puʻupuʻu mana,chip hoʻokele, mana hoʻokele chip eiwa waeʻano.

ʻEiwa mau ʻāpana kaʻa kaʻa:

1. ʻĀpana hoʻomalu:MCU, SOC

ʻO ka hana mua e hoʻomaopopo i ka uila uila ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻāpana mana uila.Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia kahi ECU he kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia e mālama i nā ʻōnaehana nui o ke kaʻa.I waena o lākou, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka MCU ma luna o ka lolo helu o ka ECU kaʻa, nona ke kuleana no ka helu ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻike like ʻole.

ʻO ka maʻamau, he ECU i loko o kahi kaʻa ke kuleana no kahi hana kaʻawale, i lako me kahi MCU, e like me Deppon Securities.Aia kekahi mau hihia i hoʻolako ʻia kahi ECU me ʻelua MCUS.

ʻO ka helu MCUS ma kahi o 30% o ka nui o nā mea semiconductor i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi kaʻa, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi he 70 e koi ʻia i kēlā me kēia kaʻa tʻo ia ma luna o ka MCU chip.

2. Kipi hoʻopili: CPU, GPU

ʻO ka CPU ka mea maʻamau ke kikowaena mana ma ka chip SoC.Aia kona pono i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka hoʻokele a me ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka CPU a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka nui o nā hana computing maʻalahi like.No laila, pono e hoʻohui i ka chip SoC autonomous e hoʻohui i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha Xpus i ka CPU e hoʻopau i ka helu AI.

3. Puka mana: IGBT, silicon carbide, mana MOSFET

ʻO ka semiconductor mana ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu uila a me ka mana kaapuni i nā mea uila, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia e hoʻololi i ka volta a me ka pinepine i nā mea uila, DC a me AC.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka mana MOSFET ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e like me ka ʻikepili, i nā kaʻa wahie kuʻuna, ʻo ka nui o ka MOSFET haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻa e pili ana i 100. Ma nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻai ʻana o ka MOSFET kiʻekiʻe a me ka volta kiʻekiʻe i kēlā me kēia kaʻa. ma mua o 200. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o MOSFET i kēlā me kēia kaʻa ma waena a me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe i 400.

4. Kikoki kamaʻilio: kelepona, WLAN, LIN, pololei V2X, UWB, CAN, hoʻonohonoho ukali, NFC, Bluetooth, ETC, Ethernet a pēlā aku;

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka chip kamaʻilio i ke kamaʻilio uea a me ke kamaʻilio uea.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kamaʻilio uea no ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻikepili like ʻole ma waena o nā lako i loko o ke kaʻa.

Hiki i ke kamaʻilio uila ke hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaʻa a me ke kaʻa, kaʻa a me nā kānaka, kaʻa a me nā lako, kaʻa a me ke kaiapuni a puni.

Ma waena o lākou, nui ka helu o nā transceivers hiki, e like me ka ʻikepili ʻoihana, ʻo ka awelika CAN / LIN transceiver noi o kahi kaʻa he 70-80 ka liʻiliʻi, a hiki i kekahi mau kaʻa hana ke piʻi aku ma mua o 100, a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 200.

5. Puka hoʻomanaʻo: DRAM, NOR FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka puʻupuʻu hoʻomanaʻo o ke kaʻa e mālama i nā polokalamu like ʻole a me nā ʻikepili o ke kaʻa.

Wahi a ka hoʻoholo ʻana o kahi hui semiconductor ma South Korea ma ke koi ʻana i DRAM no nā kaʻa kaʻa akamai, manaʻo ʻia kahi kaʻa e loaʻa ka koi kiʻekiʻe loa no DRAM/NAND Flash a hiki i 151GB/2TB, kēlā me kēia, a me ka papa hōʻike a me ADAS autonomous. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā chips hoʻomanaʻo.

6. Mana/Analog chip: SBC, analog mua hope, DC/DC, kaʻawale kikohoʻe, DC/AC

ʻO ka puʻupuʻu Analog kahi alahaka e hoʻopili ai i ka honua maoli maoli a me ka honua kikohoʻe, e pili ana i ka kaapuni analog i haku ʻia me ke kū'ē, capacitor, transistor, etc. .) kaapuni hui.

Wahi a Oppenheimer statistics, he 29% o nā ʻāpana kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo 53% nā kaula kaulahao hōʻailona a ʻo 47% nā pahu hoʻokele mana.

7. Keaukaha chip: kiʻekiʻe ʻaoʻao Keaukaha, haʻahaʻa aoao Keaukaha, LED / hōʻike, puka pae Keaukaha, alahaka, 'ē aʻe Keaukaha, etc

I loko o ka ʻōnaehana uila kaʻa, ʻelua mau ala kumu e hoʻokele ai i ka ukana: ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe no nā noho, nā kukui, a me nā mea pā.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa no nā kaʻa, nā mea hoʻomehana, etc.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi kaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka mea hoʻokele o ke kino mua wale nō i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me 21 mau pahu kaʻa ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana kaʻa ma mua o 35.

8. ʻĀpana sensor: kani ultrasonic, kiʻi, leo, laser, hoʻokele inertial, hawewe millimeter, fingerprint, infrared, voltage, wela, kēia manawa, humidity, position, pressure.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ʻike kaʻa i nā mea ʻike kino a me nā mea ʻike kaiapuni.

I ka hana o ke kaʻa, hiki i ka mea ʻike kaʻa ke hōʻiliʻili i ke kūlana o ke kino (e like me ka mahana, ke kaomi, ke kūlana, ka wikiwiki, etc.) a me ka ʻike kaiapuni, a hoʻololi i ka ʻike i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i mau hōʻailona uila no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kikowaena kikowaena o ka kaʻa.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili, manaʻo ʻia ka kaʻa kaʻa hoʻokele akamai 2 e lawe i ʻeono mau mea ʻike, a ʻo ke kaʻa L5 e manaʻo ʻia e lawe i 32 mau ʻike.

9. Kipi palekana: T-Box/V2X puʻupuʻu palekana, puʻupuʻu palekana eSIM/eSAM

ʻO ka puʻupuʻu palekana automotive kahi ʻano kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia me ka algorithm cryptographic integrated kūloko a me ka hoʻolālā anti-attack kino.

I kēia lā, me ka hoʻomohala mālie o nā kaʻa akamai, e piʻi mau ka helu o nā mea uila i loko o ke kaʻa, a ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā chips.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia e ka China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ʻo ka nui o nā pahu kaʻa e pono ai no nā kaʻa wahie maʻamau ʻo 600-700, ʻo ka nui o nā pahu kaʻa e pono ai no nā kaʻa uila e piʻi aʻe i 1600 / kaʻa, a me ke koi ʻana i nā chips no manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia nā kaʻa naʻauao i 3000 / kaʻa.

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke kaʻa hou e like me ke kamepiula nunui ma ka wheels.