Huahana Huahana

ʻO kekahi pāʻani nui no ka pilikua chip

ʻAʻole i nele ʻo Intel i ka wiwo ʻole e uhaʻi i kona kua.

Inā hoʻohuli ʻoe i nā lima o ka manawa i 1985, e ʻike ʻoe e hana ana ʻo Intel i ka hoʻoholo like i kēia lā e like me ia i hana ai - e haʻalele i ka mākeke mālama.

He kanakolukumamāhiku mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ka mākeke mālama i alakaʻi i ke kūlana alakaʻi o Intel i ka ʻāpana microprocessor.No laila he 37 mau makahiki ma hope mai, he aha ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hoʻoholo like ʻana iā Intel?

Haʻalele i ka waiho ʻana e lawe i ka CPU kiʻekiʻe

I nā makahiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa iā Intel ka mana piha ma ke kahua o nā microprocessors kamepiula, i ka manawa e noho ana ma mua o 80% o ka māhele mākeke honua o nā kamepiula pilikino a me nā chip server, a ʻo ka mahina CPU ua nani loa a poina ka poʻe i kēlā Intel. ʻO ia ka mea hana semiconductor mālama, ʻo ka hui mua o ka honua e hoʻolaha i ka DRAM.

Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1968, ʻo ka huahana mua a Intel he bipolar processing 64-bit memory chip, codenamed 3101, i ukali ʻia e ka hoʻomanaʻo semiconductor metal oxide kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (256-bit), 1101, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo mua me ka mana. o 1KB, 1103. “1103″.Me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokō ʻana, ʻaʻole lawa nā huahana mālama o Intel, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1980, ʻo Intel ka poʻokela ma ke kahua DRAM.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua kumukūʻai Iapana i huki iā Intel mai ka noho aliʻi semiconductor storage.

I ka makahiki 1976, i alakaʻi ʻia e Iapana o ka International Trade and Industry (MITI), me Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, a me NEC ma ke kua o nā hui nui ʻelima, ʻo ka Ministry of International Trade and Industry's Electrical Technology Laboratory (EIL), ka Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Electronics Research Institute a me ka Institute of Computer Science and Technology, i hoʻokumu i ka "VLSI Joint Research and Development Group", hoʻopukapuka kālā 72 Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka VLSI Consortium me kahi hoʻolimalima o 72 biliona yen e noiʻi pū i ka microfabrication. nā ʻenehana no nā kaapuni hoʻohui.

I ka makahiki 1981, hoʻomaka ke kaua maoli ma waena o ʻAmelika a me Iapana.Ua lilo ka 3200 chip i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Panasonic i lio ʻeleʻele ma ke kahua mālama, me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ma mua o ka chip Intel 8087, a lawe koke i ka mākeke US.ʻO ka ʻoihana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Iapana i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai o nā chips hoʻomanaʻo a Intel mai US $ 28 a i US $ 6 i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ua hāʻule kāna mākeke ma lalo o 20%.Ua ʻike ʻo 1984 i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hana a Intel.

I ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Andy Grove e haʻalele i nā pahu hoʻomanaʻo, e hoʻololi ana i ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana a Intel mai nā chips hoʻomanaʻo i nā chips computing CPU.ʻO kēia ka haʻalele mua ʻana o Intel mai ka mākeke mālama, a ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo i alakaʻi ai i ka mana o Intel ma hope o ka mākeke microprocessor honua.

Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻo Intel i ka microprocessor mua o ka honua, ʻo ka 4004, ma 1971;ka 8080, i mahalo ʻia e ka poʻe akamai ma ke ʻano he microprocessors lanakila loa o nā manawa āpau, ma 1974;ʻO ka hoʻolālā x86, ka mea i kaulana i kēia manawa, i hoʻomaka i kāna hana mua ma ka 8086 processor ma 1978;a ʻo ka 8088, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka microcomputer era, i ka makahiki 1979. ʻO ka 8088 processor, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ke au o nā microcomputers, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1979. ʻOiai ua hana mua ka hui i kāna hōʻailona ma ke kahua microprocessor, ʻo nā pahu hoʻomanaʻo mau nō ka ʻO ka mea nui no Intel i kēlā manawa, me nā microprocessors he sideline wale nō.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e hoʻololi i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana ma 1985, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Intel i kahi ʻano o nā kaʻina hana maʻamau e like me ka 80386, 80486, a me Pentium (Pentium), kahi o ka 80386 ka microprocessor 32-bit mua a ʻo ka Pentium processor kekahi o nā mea nui loa. nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o nā makahiki 1990.Ma ka hui pū ʻana me Microsoft, ua hoʻopau ʻo Intel i ka monopoly o ka mōʻī kahiko, ʻo IBM, a lilo i mōʻī hou o ka honua PC, a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻohe mea o ka ʻoihana PC i hiki ke wāwahi i ka hiʻohiʻona Windows me Intel Wintel.

ʻO ka mea hope e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoihana kamepiula pilikino, i hōʻike ʻia e ka PC, ua ulu a lilo i mea kūleʻa nui, ua hiki i ka ʻoihana microprocessor Intel ke hoʻopau i ka manawa a ua ulu ʻo Intel mai kahi mea hana hoʻomanaʻo i kahi hegemon chip.Ma ka hapaha ʻekolu o ka makahiki 2002, ʻo 85.9 pakeneka ka māhele o Intel o ka mākeke microprocessor honua.