LVDS Deserializer 2975Mbps 0.6V Kaʻa 48-Pin WQFN EP T/R DS90UB928QSQX/NOPB

1. ʻO nā kaʻapuni i hoʻohui ʻia i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi chip semiconductor i ʻike ʻia he mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi.ʻO kekahi ʻano o ke kaapuni paʻa kiʻiʻoniʻoni mānoanoa (hybrid integrated circuit) he kaapuni liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā mea semiconductor pākahi a me nā ʻāpana passive i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi substrate a i ʻole ka papa kaapuni.
Mai ka makahiki 1949 a hiki i ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā prototypes e Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, a me Yasuo Tarui, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaapuni hoʻohui hou e Jack Kilby ma 1958. .Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka Nobel Prize in Physics i ka makahiki 2000 no kēia, akā ʻo Robert Noyce, ka mea nāna i hoʻomohala i ke kaapuni hoʻohui i kēia manawa i ka manawa like, ua hala i ka makahiki 1990.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana nui o ka transistor, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana semiconductor solid-state e like me nā diodes a me nā transistors i nā helu nui, e hoʻololi ana i ka hana a me ke kuleana o ka paipu hāmama i ke kaapuni.Ma ka waena a hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua holomua ka ʻenehana hana semiconductor i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia.ʻAʻole like me ka hui lima o nā kaapuni me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila ʻokoʻa, ua ʻae ʻia nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka nui o nā micro-transistors i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, he holomua nui.ʻO ka nui o ka huahana, hilinaʻi, a me ke ʻano modular i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni o nā kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia i hōʻoia i ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui maʻamau ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā transistors discrete.
2. Loaʻa i nā kaapuni hoʻohui ʻelua mau mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā transistors discrete: ke kumu kūʻai a me ka hana.ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa no ka paʻi ʻana o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana āpau ma ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi transistor i ka manawa.ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikehu no ka mea liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana a kokoke i kekahi.Ua ʻike ʻo 2006 i nā wahi chip mai kahi mau millimeter square a 350 mm² a hiki i hoʻokahi miliona transistors no mm².
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka prototype integrated circuit e Jack Kilby i ka makahiki 1958 a me kahi transistor bipolar, ʻekolu mau pale, a me kahi capacitor.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā mea microelectronic i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi chip, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana aʻe.
Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (SSI) ma lalo o 10 mau ʻīpuka loiloi a i ʻole 100 transistors.
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) he 11 a 100 mau puka logic a i ʻole 101 a 1k transistors.
Large Scale Integration (LSI) 101 i ka 1k logic gates a i ʻole 1,001 a 10k transistors.
Hoʻohui nui loa (VLSI) 1,001~10k mau puka logic a i ʻole 10,001~100k transistors.
ʻO ka Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) 10,001 ~ 1M mau puka logic a i ʻole 100,001 ~ 10M transistors.
GLSI (Giga Scale Integration) 1,000,001 a i ʻole nā ​​ʻīpuka loiloi a i ʻole 10,000,001 a i ʻole nā ​​transistors.
3.Development o nā kaapuni i hoʻohuiʻia
Aia nā kaʻapuni hoʻohui ʻoi loa ma ka puʻuwai o nā microprocessors a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana multi-core e hiki ke hoʻokele i nā mea āpau mai nā kamepiula a i nā kelepona paʻa a i nā umu microwave digital.ʻOiai he kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kaapuni hoʻohui paʻakikī, hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia kaapuni hoʻohui i ka wā e hoʻolaha ʻia ma luna o nā huahana i ana pinepine ʻia i nā miliona.He kiʻekiʻe ka hana o nā IC no ka mea ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ka hopena i nā ala pōkole, e ʻae ana i nā kaapuni loiloi haʻahaʻa e hoʻohana ʻia i nā wikiwiki hoʻololi wikiwiki.
I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻomau wau i ka neʻe ʻana i nā kumu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e ʻae ana i nā kaʻapuni hou e hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia chip.Hoʻonui kēia i ka hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, e ʻae i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana, e ʻike i ke kānāwai Moore, kahi e pālua ai ka helu o nā transistors i kahi IC i kēlā me kēia 1.5 makahiki.I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻaneʻane e hoʻomaikaʻi nā metric āpau i ka emi ʻana o nā kumu kumu, hāʻule nā ​​kumukūʻai ʻāpana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻohana mana, a piʻi ka wikiwiki.Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau pilikia me nā IC e hoʻohui i nā mea nanoscale, ka nui o ka leakage au.ʻO ka hopena, ʻike nui ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana no ka mea hoʻohana hope, a ke kū nei nā mea hana i ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka geometry maikaʻi.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana a me ka holomua i manaʻo ʻia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia ma ka palapala alanui ʻenehana honua no nā semiconductor.
He hapalua wale nō haneli ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo nā kaʻapuni hoʻohui i nā wahi a pau a ua lilo nā kamepiula, kelepona paʻa lima, a me nā mea hana kikohoʻe ʻē aʻe i mea nui o ka lole kaiapuni.ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻopili helu hou, kamaʻilio, hana ʻana, a me nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa, me ka Pūnaewele, ua hilinaʻi nā mea āpau i ke ola o nā kaapuni hoʻohui.Manaʻo ka nui o ka poʻe akamai i ka hoʻololi kikohoʻe i lawe ʻia e ka IC ʻo ia ka hanana nui loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka, a ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka IC e alakaʻi i kahi lele nui i mua o ka ʻenehana, ma nā ʻano o nā ʻenehana hoʻolālā a me nā holomua i nā kaʻina semiconductor. , pili loa ia mau mea elua.