Aupuni Chip, ʻIseraʻela

Ke piʻi nei ka hakakā o ka ʻIseraʻela-Palestinian.Ma ʻOkakopa 14, 2023, ua ʻōlelo ke Kuhina olakino Palestinian i kēia manawa o ka hakakā ʻo Israeli-Palestinian i make i 1,949 Palestinians a hōʻeha ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,600.Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i make ma mua o 1,300 a ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe ʻeha ma kahi o 3,484.

Ua laha ka hopena o ka paio i ke kaulahao chip, a ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻopilikia pū ʻia nā hana hana a me ka logistic i loko o ke kaulahao lako uila o ka ʻIseraʻela.

ʻO ka ʻIseraʻela, ka "'āina liʻiliʻi" aia ma ka wao nahele Hikina Waena, he "aupuni chip".Ma ka ʻāina, aia ma kahi o 200 mau hui chip, a ke hana nei nā hui chip nui o ka honua i nā hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻIseraʻela, a he nui nā mea hana ma ka ʻIseraʻela.

He aha ka mea i lilo ai ka ʻIseraʻela i "aupuni chip"?

01. ʻAʻole ʻo ʻIseraʻela he "pōmaikaʻi" no nā semiconductor

ʻO ka ʻIseraʻela, ʻelua hapakolu o ka wao nahele, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma lalo o 10 miliona.

ʻO ia ʻāina liʻiliʻi me nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole he kokoke i 200 mau hui chip, e hui pū ana i nā keʻena noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pilikua e like me Apple, Samsung, Qualcomm, a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e lilo i ʻāina hoʻomohala wale i ka Middle East.

Pehea ka ʻIseraʻela i hana ai, a he aha ka mea i loaʻa i kāna ʻoihana semiconductor?

Ma mua o 3,000 makahiki aku nei, ua alakaʻi ke kāula ʻo Mose i nā Iudaio mai ʻAigupita a hiki i Kanaʻana, ma waena o ka Nile a me ʻEuperate, a lākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ʻo ka "Aina i hoʻohiki ʻia" o ka waiū a me ka meli.

Ma hope o ka hoʻopio ʻia ʻana e ke aupuni Roma, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Iudaio e auwana no nā makahiki ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,000.ʻAʻole i ka makahiki 1948 i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka mokuʻāina o ka ʻIseraʻela, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mokuʻāina ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Iudaio, a hoʻi ka poʻe Iudaio i ko lākou "ʻāina i hoʻohiki ʻia."

Aole waiu a me ka meli ka Iseraela.

ʻO ia wale nō ka ʻāina ma ka Middle East me ka ʻole o ka aila a me ke kinoea, me kahi ʻāpana o 25,700 square kilometers, ʻilihune ʻāina, nele i ka wai, geopolitical instability, a ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hakakā ma waena o nā ʻāina Arab a puni, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea maikaʻi o nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ka ʻIseraʻela.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ʻIseraʻela wale nō ka ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ka Hikina Waena, me ka GDP per capita o $54,710 i 2022, ka helu 14 o ka honua.

ʻO ka nānā pono ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana o ka ʻIseraʻela, i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka ʻoihana tertiary i helu ʻia no 70% o ka nui o GDP, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻoihana lawelawe kuʻuna.Me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e helu ana i ka 54% o ka nui o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela ma 2021, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ka iwi hope o ka ʻoihana Israeli.ʻO ka ʻoihana semiconductor, ʻo ia ka 16 pakeneka o nā mea hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe-tech, he wahi mālamalama.

ʻAʻole i kakahiaka nui ka mōʻaukala o ka semiconductor o ka ʻIseraʻela, akā ua ulu wikiwiki ia, a ua lilo ia i poʻokela semiconductor o ka honua i kahi manawa pōkole.

I ka makahiki 1964, ua hoʻokumu kahi mea hana kelepona ʻAmelika i ka noiʻi semiconductor mua a me ke kikowaena hoʻomohala ma ʻIseraʻela, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻoihana semiconductor ma ʻIseraʻela.

I ka makahiki 1974, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hui semiconductor lua nui loa o ka honua, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Santa Clara, Kaleponi, e kāna mau limahana Israeli e wehe i kāna kikowaena R&D mua ma waho o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Haifa, Israel.Mai ia manawa, ua haʻalele ka ʻoihana semiconductor o Israel.

He mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo nā semiconductors Israeli i kēia lā i mea ikaika e helu ʻia.Ma ka heluna kanaka ma lalo o 10 miliona, aia ma mua o 30,000 chip engineers a kokoke i 200 chip company, nāna e hoʻokele pololei a ʻaʻole pololei i ka hana.

02. He aupuni hoʻomaka ʻo ʻIseraʻela o nā semiconductor, akā ʻaʻohe hui chip nui mai ka ʻIseraʻela

ʻO ka ʻIseraʻela kahi ʻāina liʻiliʻi, wao nahele, nā kumu waiwai ʻilihune, ʻaʻole ia he ʻāina waiwai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā mea semiconductor.Ma muli o nā kūlana ʻāina, ʻo ka ʻoihana semiconductor o ka ʻIseraʻela he mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa: mua, hoʻolālā chip;ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻole o nā pilikua kūloko;ʻO ke kolu ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala ma waena o Kina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a nānā i ka ʻoihana.

He maʻalahi loa ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā chip, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā pōhaku lepo me ka ʻole o ka mauʻu!ʻAʻohe waiwai o ka ʻāina o ka ʻIseraʻela, a hiki ke hilinaʻi wale i ka noʻonoʻo mālamalama o ka ʻIseraʻela e lawe i ke ala hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Chip ka ʻuhane o ka ʻoihana semiconductor o ka ʻIseraʻela.Wahi a nā helu helu, aia ʻo ʻIseraʻela ma kahi o 8% o nā talena hoʻolālā chip honua a me nā hui noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.Eia kekahi, ma 2021, he 37 mau hui multinational ma ʻIseraʻela e hana nei i ka ʻoihana semiconductor.

He kakaikahi na mea kanu o ka Iseraela, aole nae i kaawale.ʻElima mau wafer foundries ka ʻIseraʻela i kēia manawa.I nā lako semiconductor, aia nā hui multinational a me nā hui kūloko.

No laila, ʻo ka haku mele o kēia manawa o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana chip Israeli ka mea nui o nā ʻoihana hoʻolālā chip fabless, nā noiʻi a me nā kikowaena hoʻomohala o nā hui multinational, nā ʻoihana semiconductor a me kekahi mau hale hana wafer.

Eia nō naʻe, nui nā puʻupuʻu chip i loko o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela, no ke aha i hānau ʻole ai ʻo ʻIseraʻela i kahi pilikua?

ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻIseraʻela.

ʻO ka ʻIseraʻela kahi ʻāina super-entreprenurial.Me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 7,000 mau ʻenehana ʻenehana hou, ʻo ka ʻIseraʻela ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ka honua, e like me 1 ʻoihana no kēlā me kēia 1,400 poʻe, a ʻo ka lākiō hoʻomaka hoʻomaka i kēlā me kēia kanaka he kumu ʻole.

I ka ʻoihana semiconductor, ma 2020, ua helu ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ka lua ma ka honua e pili ana i ka nui o nā hoʻomaka semiconductor, ma hope o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

No ka mea makemake nui lākou i ka hana hou a me nā "mea hou aku", ua hoʻokumu nā semiconductor elites i ka ʻIseraʻela i kā lākou mau hui semiconductor, e nānā ana i ka nui o nā pilikua chip kūloko, ʻaʻole e lilo a ʻoi aku paha, akā e loaʻa!

No laila, ʻo ke ala o ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana semiconductor ʻIseraʻela e like me kēia: hoʻonohonoho i kahi hoʻomaka - holomua i kahi kahua - loaʻa e kahi pilikua - hoʻomaka i ka pōʻai hou o ka ʻoihana.

No kēia kumu, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haneli o nā hui semiconductor hoʻomaka i ka ʻIseraʻela e kālele ana i ka ʻenehana polishing ma mua o ka ʻoihana a me nā hana.

Eia kekahi, e nānā pono i ka mākeke semiconductor ma ʻIseraʻela.HoʻomanaʻoʻO ka hapa nui loa o ka mākeke semiconductor Israeli, ukali ʻia emana mana ics, nā ʻāpana loiloi, Ma ka Papa Hoikeike, anā ʻāpana analog.

ʻO ka mākeke nui loa no nā semiconductor i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a ukali ʻia e nā kamaʻilio, ʻoihana, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea uilakaʻa kūʻokoʻa.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna ala ponoʻī, ua ulu mau ʻo Israel semiconductor i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka loaʻa kālā o ka mākeke semiconductor ʻIseraʻela ke piʻi i $ 1.14 biliona ma 2023. He mea kūpono e haʻi aku ʻo Kina ka mākeke kūʻai nui loa no nā semiconductor Israel.

I ka makahiki 2018, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka pāʻani Sino-US, ua hoʻonui pololei ʻia ka semiconductor o ka ʻIseraʻela i Kina e 80%, a ua lilo koke nā semiconductor i mea nui o ka pilina waiwai ma waena o Kina a me ʻIseraʻela, a hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa ʻo Kina ka mea nui loa. ka mea kūʻai aku i nā ʻāpana Israeli ma 2021.

03. Loaʻa iā ʻIseraʻela nā talena a me ke kālā kālā e kākoʻo iā Israel Semiconductor

He ʻilihune loa nā "kūlana kūlohelohe" o ka ʻIseraʻela, no ke aha e hiki ai i ka ʻIseraʻela ke ulu i aupuni chip?

ʻO ka pane pōkole: waiwai a pili maikaʻi.

ʻAʻole pili i ka laina o ka hana.He mea koʻikoʻi ke kapikala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻoihana semiconductor.

ʻO Semiconductor kahi ʻoihana pono e hoʻomau i ka puhi kālā, a ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka nui o ke kālā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hopena, he ʻoihana hoʻihoʻi kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe.Makemake nā ʻoihana semiconductor hoʻomaka e ola, ʻaʻole maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kahi kuhi hewa, haʻahaʻa loa ka helu hoʻomanawanui.

I kēia manawa, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kuleana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana.Venture kapikala e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo 'ana o nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā me ka ikaika kālā e loaʻa kālā i ka poʻe kālepa me ka 'ike loea a me ka maikaʻi market hoʻomohala manaʻolana, akā, nele o ka hoʻomaka-up kapikala, a amo i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokomo 'ole i ka hoʻomaka 'ana.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻepekema honua a me ka ʻenehana - Silicon Valley, ʻo ke kī i kona kūleʻa ʻo ia ka ʻoihana kaiaola waiwai nui, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka helu hoʻomanawanui hewa o nā ʻoihana hoʻomaka, a hāʻawi i kahi malu no nā ʻoihana hoʻomaka.

A ʻo Tel Aviv, ke kapikala o ka ʻIseraʻela, ma ke ʻano he wahi e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ai ka ʻoihana, he kiʻekiʻe o ka hana i ka holo ʻana o ka ʻenehana (ka holo ʻana o ka ʻenehana hou), ʻelua wale nō ma Silicon Valley.Wahi a ka hōʻike, ua hele ʻo 11 ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka VC honua ma Industry 4.0 i nā hui ʻIseraʻela.I ka makahiki 2021, ua hōʻea ka nui o ke kapikala ʻoihana i ka ʻIseraʻela i $ 10.8 biliona, 28 mau manawa i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ʻo ka nui o ke kālā kālā i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela ma 2022, ʻoiai ka emi ʻana, hiki i $ 8,1 biliona.

Ma waho aʻe o ka komo ʻana o ke kapikala, ua hāʻawi pū ke aupuni ʻIseraʻela i nā kānāwai palekana a me ke kālā no nā hoʻomaka.

I ka makahiki 1984, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ka paipai ʻana i ke kānāwai no ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a i ʻole "R&D Law."

Ma lalo o kēia kānāwai, ʻae ʻia nā papahana R&D i ʻae ʻia e OCS e kū ana i kekahi mau koina a ua ʻae ʻia e ke Keʻena ʻepekema Nui e loaʻa kālā a hiki i ka 50 pakeneka o nā lilo i ʻae ʻia.I ka hoʻololi, koi ʻia ka mea loaʻa e uku i nā royalties OCS.Pono ka mea loaʻa e hoʻouna i nā hōʻike manawa e pili ana i nā uku liʻiliʻi e uku ʻia i ka OCS, nona ke kuleana e nānā i nā puke a ka mea loaʻa.

Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻauhau, hāʻawi pū ʻo ʻIseraʻela i nā kulekele makemake i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.I ka makahiki 1985, he 61 pakeneka ka huina auhau hui o ka Iseraela;ma 2022, ua hāʻule i ka 23 pakeneka.Loaʻa iā ʻIseraʻela kahi kānāwai Angles kūikawā e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau i nā mea hoʻopukapuka pilikino i nā ʻoihana ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

He mau kānāwai ko ʻIseraʻela e paipai i ka R&D a me ka hana hou, a e nānā i kahi e hoʻolilo ʻia ai ke kālā a me nā hopena o nā papahana.Hāʻawi i ke kālā me ka lokomaikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā ma ka lihi o ka pahi, hana ʻelua i ka hopena.

ʻO nā haʻawina aupuni "ʻoluʻolu" a me kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoihana nui e hana i nā ʻoihana semiconductor ʻIseraʻela "pono ​​kālā."

Ma waho aʻe o ke kālā, pono e hana kekahi.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 70 pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻIseraʻela he Iudaio.I ka wā e pili ana i nā Iudaio, kū koke ka "stereotype" o ko lākou naʻauao kiʻekiʻe.

He mea paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo inā he poʻokela maoli ka poʻe Iudaio, akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo he nui kā lākou poʻe naʻauao.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili, helu ʻia nā mea noiʻi ʻepekema o ka ʻIseraʻela no 6% o ka heluna o ka ʻāina, 135 ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekini no 10,000 poʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o 85 poʻe, ʻo ka hapa o ka honua mua.ʻO 77% o ka ʻIseraʻela i ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao, 20% o ka heluna kanaka he kekelē kulanui, a aia ma kahi o 200,000 mau haumāna kulanui ma ka ʻāina.

Ma waho aʻe o ka mahalo ʻana i ka nui o nā talena maoli i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻonaʻauao, loaʻa pū ka ʻIseraʻela i kahi helu nui o nā malihini i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia.

Loaʻa i nā Iudaio ko lākou "moe o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana", no laila ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻIseraʻela i hoʻolaha ʻia ka "Law of Return", ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia Iudaio i ka honua i neʻe mua i ka ʻIseraʻela, hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻIseraʻela kamaʻāina.

ʻO ka poʻe malihini Iudaio mai nā ʻāina ulu a me ka Soviet Union mua i lawe mai i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i ka ʻIseraʻela, kahi i hana nui i ka hana hou o ka ʻIseraʻela.Loaʻa i kēia poʻe malihini ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao, nui nā ʻenekini maikaʻi loa, ua hana kēia mau talena i kahi kuleana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻIseraʻela.

04. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO ka ʻāina kahiko ʻo Kanaʻana, ʻo ka “Aina i hoʻohiki ʻia,” a me ka ʻIseraʻela maoli, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea.

Ma ka Middle East, aia ma ka wao nahele, ʻo ka ʻIseraʻela, me ka hana hou, ke kapikala a me nā hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻia no kona mau hemahema kūlohelohe a me nā hemahema congenital, a ua lilo ia i mea nui o ka ʻoihana semiconductor honua i ka manawa pōkole.Ua maopopo ʻo ka semiconductor "myth" o ka ʻIseraʻela ʻaʻole ia ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a ke Akua, akā he mau tausani o Mose a me kāna mau mamo.