Nā mea uila IC Chips Integrated Circuits IC TPS74701QDRCRQ1 hoʻokahi wahi kūʻai

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā wafers a me nā chips

Nānā nui o nā wafers

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā wafers a me nā chips, eia ka ʻike o nā mea nui o ka ʻike wafer a me ka chip.

(i) He aha ka wafer

ʻO nā wafers nā wafers silicon i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā kaʻapuni i hoʻohuiʻia semiconductor silicon, i kapaʻia he wafers no ko lākouʻano pōʻai;hiki iā lākou ke hana ma luna o nā wafer silika e hana i nā ʻāpana kaapuni like ʻole a lilo i mau huahana kaapuni hui pū me nā hana uila kikoʻī.ʻO ka mea maka no nā wafers he silikoni, a aia kahi hāʻawi pau ʻole o ka silicon dioxide ma luna o ka ʻili o ka honua.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻaila silikonika i loko o nā umu ahi arc, chlorinated me ka waika hydrochloric a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i kahi polysilicon maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka maʻemaʻe o 99.99999999999%.

(ii) Nā mea maka kumu no nā wafers

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka silikoni mai ke one quartz a ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā wafers (99.999%) mai ka silicon element, a laila hana ʻia i mau koʻokoʻo silicon i lilo i mea no ka quartz semiconductor no nā kaapuni hoʻohui.

(iii) Kaʻina hana wafer

ʻO nā wafers ka mea kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana semiconductor.ʻO ka mea waiwai nui loa no nā kaʻapuni hoʻohui semiconductor he silika a no laila pili i nā wafer silika.

Loaʻa ka silikoni ma ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o nā silicates a i ʻole silicon dioxide i loko o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻiliʻili.Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā wafer silika i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu kumu: ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka ulu ʻana o ka silikoni aniani hoʻokahi, a me ka hana ʻana i ka wafer.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe silika, kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka mea maka o ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili i loko o ka umu ahi arc ma kahi mahana o 2000 °C a ma ke alo o kahi kumu kalapona.Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kalapona a me ka silicon dioxide i loko o ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili e loaʻa i kahi hopena kemika (hui pū ʻia ke kalapona me ka oxygen, waiho ʻia ke kilika) e loaʻa ai ke silikona maʻemaʻe me ka maʻemaʻe o kahi o 98%, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka silicon metallurgical grade, ʻaʻole ia. maʻemaʻe no nā mea microelectronic no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā waiwai uila o nā mea semiconductor i ka neʻe ʻana o nā haumia.No laila, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia ka silika metallurgical grade: ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka silika metallurgical grade i kahi hopena chlorination me ke kinoea hydrogen chloride e hana ai i ka silane wai, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻemi ʻia e ke kaʻina hana e hoʻohua ai i ke silika polycrystalline kiʻekiʻe me ka maʻemaʻe o 99.99999999999. %, ka mea e lilo ai i ka silikoni papa uila.

Ma hope aʻe, hiki mai ka ulu ʻana o ka silika monocrystalline, ke ʻano maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo ka huki pololei (CZ method).E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi ma lalo nei, hoʻokomo ʻia ka polysilicon maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi kīʻaha quartz a hoʻomehana mau ʻia me kahi mea hoʻomehana graphite e hoʻopuni ana i waho, e mālama ana i ka mahana ma kahi o 1400 °C.ʻO ke kinoea i loko o ka umu ahi ka mea maʻamau, e ʻae i ka polysilicon e hoʻoheheʻe me ka hana ʻole i nā hopena kemika makemake ʻole.No ka hana ʻana i nā kristal hoʻokahi, mālama ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kristal: ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka crucible me ka hoʻoheheʻe polysilicon, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi aniani hua i loko, a lawe ʻia ke koʻokoʻo kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻoiai e huki mālie a kū pololei i luna mai ka hehee silika.Hoʻopili ka polysilicon i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i lalo o ke aniani hua a ulu aʻe i luna ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho lattice o ke aniani hua.